「英语语法」你的过去我来不及参与
首先呢,咱们先来看一段短文,这篇短文源自新概念英语第一册第117课。注意加粗字体。
When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all.While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!
这段话的意思早晨发生的一个小故事。故事式说今天早上我丈夫走进饭厅时,把一些硬币掉在地上了。到处都是硬币。我们找过了,但没能全部找到。当我们正在吃早饭时,我们的小男孩汤米在地板上发现了两枚小硬币。他把它们都放进嘴里。我们都试着去拿硬币,但已经太晚了。汤米已经把它们吞下去了! 从文章可看出,本文的故事整天发生在过去,那么最后一句Tommy had already swallowed them! 并没有用一般过去时,为什么呢?接下来我们详细讲解该句所用的时态-过去完成时。

孩子
一、构成:had+ 过去分词
二、用法:
1、表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。e.g.
I had learned (learn) English for three years before I went(go)to school.
(went to school 就是过去的一个动作,learn发生在went 之前,就是发生在过去的过去,所以用了过去完成时。)
2、用在以下结构中:
(1)主语+ had+ hardly / scarcely+过去分词+when +主语+ 过去式
(注意:when 引导的时间状语谓语动词用的是过去式,主句用的是过去完成时)
(2)主语+ had+ no sooner +过去分词+than +主语+ 过去式;
(3)“as soon as +主语+ had+过去分词,主语+过去式”等句式里,表示动作“刚一…… 就……”.
比如:
I had hardly entered my room when the telephone rang.
The firemen had no sooner got to the scene than there was another explosion.
三、标志性的时间状语
1、“by + 过去时间”;
2、从属连词after, before, when, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句
四、图示过去完成时

离开一个小村庄后,我继续开车前往下一个城镇。
(阴影部分就是要用过去完成时的部分,中间的v-ed表示过去,那么再往左就是比过去还早,也就是过去的过去,这时候就要用过去完成时。)

小村庄
五,练习
1. Before he ____ here last year, he ______in that city for 20 years.
A. comes,will live B. came,lived
C. came, has lived D. came, had lived
(解析:last year表示过去,句意是“在他来到这之前,他已经在那个城市住了20年”。“在那住”肯定发生在“来这”之前,所以第一个动作come 发生在过去用过去式;第二个动作live 是发生came之前,在过去的过去,用过去完成时.选D)
2. (2018,成都,36)Yesterday, I _______ the subway home when I suddenly found I was on the wrong line.
A. took B. was taking C. had taken
(解析:句意是“昨天在我坐地铁回家时,突然发现我坐错车了”。那肯定是先坐上车,然后才发现坐错了。句中的found表示已经发生过了,用一般过去式,take 这个动作是发生在found之前,found 已经是过去,take也就是发生在过去的过去,所以用过去完成时,选C。 )