伊朗坠机身亡总统“德黑兰屠夫”称号的由来

伊朗坠机身亡总统“德黑兰屠夫”称号的由来(英译汉)

Two days ago, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi perished in a helicopter accident over the Dizmar forrest in Iran. Raisi had been the eighth leader of the country of Iran as it is presently constituted, post-Revolution of 1979, being elected to the position in 2021. Prior to that, he was the Chief of Justice in Iran. Of all the titles Raisi had throughout his life, one sticks out the most: The Butcher of Tehran.

两天前，伊朗总统易卜拉欣·莱西在伊朗迪兹玛森林(Dizmar)上空的一次直升机事故中身亡。莱西于2021年当选为伊朗总统，是1979年伊朗大革命后伊朗的第八位总统。在此之前，他是伊朗司法部部长。在莱西一生拥有的所有头衔中，有一个最引人注目：德黑兰屠夫。

As the New York Post puts it, it’s a very good thing that Ebrahim Raisi is now dead, as his role prior to becoming Iran’s president was a brutal one. He served as head of the judiciary department for a decade. What followed was his appointment as prosecutor general in 2014. In the years that would follow, some of his past atrocities would come back and haunt him. The United States would hand down sanctions on Raisi due to his role in human rights violations that date back to the 1980s.

正如《纽约邮报》所说，莱西现在死了是一件很好的事，因为他在成为伊朗总统之前担任的角色是一个残暴的角色。莱西担任司法部门负责人长达十年之久。随后，他于2014年被任命为总检察长。在随后的几年里，他又开始实施他过去的一些暴行。由于莱西早在上世纪 80年代就参与了侵犯人权的行为，美国对他实施了制裁。

Raisi has an enormous amount of blood on his hands due to his role as Chief Executioner during the mass execution of political prisoners in 1988. The reason behind this massive bloodbath is that the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, issued a fatwa once the war with Iraq was coming to an end. The Ayatollah had a Tehran Death Committee formed with Raisi at the head of the table of sorts, as he and the committee would execute those who opposed them and any who were “waging a war on God.” There was a reported second fatwa where those who were executed were those with leftist agendas and of the Communist party. The estimated number of those executed in July of 1988 was estimated to be anywhere between 4,000 to 30,000 people.

在1988年大规模处决政治犯事件中，莱西担任首席刽子手，他的双手沾满了鲜血。这场大规模屠杀背后的原因是，最高领袖霍梅尼（Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini）在与伊拉克的战争即将结束时发布了一项宗教法令。霍梅尼成立了名叫“德黑兰死亡委员会”的机构，莱西是该委员会的负责人，他和委员会处决那些反对他们的人和任何“向上帝开战”的人。据报道，在颁布的第二项宗教法令中，被处死的人都是伊朗的左翼分子和共产党员。据估计，1988年7月被处决的人数在4000到 30000 人之间。

However, Iranian government officials have always given mixed numbers on the death toll. President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani has stated that the number is closer to 1,000. Many leaders in Iran have also never denied the Tehran Death Committee, especially Raisi. Whom believes it was an act to fight off extremists within their country. When elected in 2021, Raisi stated publicly to reporters that, “If a judge or prosecutor has defended the security of the people, he should be praised.”

然而，对于死亡人数，伊朗政府官员给出了多个混乱的数字。前总统拉夫桑贾尼曾表示，死亡人数接近1000人。伊朗的许多领导人也从未否认过德黑兰死亡委员会，尤其是莱西。他认为这是为了打击国内的极端分子。2021年当选总统时，莱西曾对记者公开表示：“如果一名法官或检察官捍卫了人民的安全，他就应该受到赞扬。”

Raisi’s first presidential run in 2017 was jeopardized due to the executions in 1988. In an audio file that was released that dates back to the time of the executions, Raisi states on it that “if it were another group, the death toll would have been higher in Tehran.” Up until these audio files were released, his role in the executions was not clearly documented in the records of the process and, for awhile, seemed overlooked.

由于参与了1988年的处决事件，莱西2017年的首次总统竞选岌岌可危。在一份已公布的、时间为1988年处决事件时的音频文件中，拉伊西说，“如果是其他团体，德黑兰的死亡人数会更多。”在这些音频文件公布之前，他在处决过程中所起的作用并没有被明确记录在案，而且有一段时间似乎被忽视了。

The 1988 massacre changed politics in Iran going forward, having many political figures speak out against the actions when they happened and still to this day. Not one leader of the Death Committee was ever held accountable in front of a court of law. All other members of the committee moved up to high-ranking government officials, but it was Raisi who climbed to the highest seat in Iran. Raisi’s death is just another factor that now plays into the conflicts overseas, as Iran is a country that has attacked Israel, and financially backed the Palestinian militant group Hamas for many years.

1988年的大屠杀改变了伊朗的政治走向，许多政治人物在大屠杀发生时就公开表示反对，直到今天仍然如此，他们仍然反对。死亡委员会中没有一名领导人被法庭追究责任。委员会的所有其他成员都晋升为高级政府官员，但只有莱西登上了伊朗的总统宝座。伊朗一直攻击以色列，多年来一直在经济上支持巴勒斯坦激进组织哈马斯。